(105) Our Lady of Guadalupe (II): Mary's Message to us in the Image

AMDG

           Only eight weeks after receiving the statue of the International Pilgrim Virgin of Fatima, St. Louis Church Gallipolis-Ohio is especially privileged and blessed to receive the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe on the date that coincides with her great feast day on December 12.  The Knights of Columbus is sending it to parishes all over the U.S. for a day or two over the course of a year in its Marian Prayer Program as part of the New Evangelization.  We will receive the large image the evening of Tuesday December 11 with benediction and rosary.  The Blessed Sacrament will be exposed for adoration through the night into her great feast with Mass in the evening……some 24 hours.  In this Year of Faith, Mary will continue her great mission of nurturing our faith and bringing us closer to her son as she has done over the centuries.  As part of the spiritual preparation for Christmas, individuals and parish groups are invited to sign up for an hour of adoration as our Latin American families will do from 9-10 am on Wednesday. 

NUESTRA SENORA DE GUADALUPE (II):  MARY'S MESSAGE TO US IN THE IMAGE 

            During the ten years after the conquest of Mexico in 1521, evangelization of the Indians was painfully slow.  Only about 30,000, a small fraction or 0.4% converted to the faith.  St. Juan Diego was one of the few.  The Indians resented their treatment by the Spanish conquerors.  Strife and unrest increased.  Bishop Juan de Zumárraga (see his portrait below), a Franciscan who fought for better treatment of the Indians, feared a full scale revolta blood bath.  He turned to Mary for help, praying to Our Lady for reconciliation and peace.   It is believed that he asked to receive roses native to his homeland of Castile Spain as a sign that his prayer would be answered.  His prayer was answered through St. Juan Diego in spectacular fashion on December 12, 1531 with the miraculous image of her that she placed on his tilma beneath his cargo of Castilian roses as he presented them to the Bishop.

                                                                                                                         

                                               

  The Indians could immediately relate to this icon of Mary, which was full of symbols they could easily understand.  Mother Mary adapted to the Aztec culture by appearing in the dress of an Aztec princess.  She seemed to be one of them and their mother too.  Suddenly, they could relate to the Church her son founded.  The Spanish missionaries did not have to go out and proselytize; the Indians eagerly sought them out.  In the short span of seven years the message of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe brought 8,000,000 Mexican Indians to the fold within seven years and thus firmly established the faith in our hemisphere, roughly making up for the losses to the Protestant Reformation.  Note in reading this article, how Mary ingeniously adapts her message to the Indian culture.  Clearly Mary, the patroness of the missions, is the greatest evangelizer of all time. Mother, in this Year of Faith, pray that we become more firm with a deeper faith and to spread it in every way we can.  As you did in the 16^th Century, please reach fallen away Catholics, lukewarm Catholics, and non-Catholics in the New Evangelization while nurturing our faith.

Juan de Zumárraga, the first Archbishop of Mexico City  

            The question then arises: Exactly what does the image convey through its many symbols to millions of Indians having the same gods, but 22 different languages?

            It is interesting to note a parallel between the image and Indian customs and culture.  The Aztecs wrote their histories by painting on cloth and in their codices (hieroglyphics) used drawings and symbols instead of letters.  The figure of Nuestra Señora is shown blotting out the sun which they adored.  Only its rays are visible.  Thus the human figure of the Mother of God is shown as greater than the sun which therefore could not be God.

Another important deity was Quetzalcoatl, the comet or sky serpent.  According to Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky, there actually was a great comet which passed close to Earth about 4,000 years ago and caused great destruction.  Interesting is that Halley's Comet passed close to earth at the time of Mary's appearance.   For centuries the Indians would sacrifice hundreds, even thousands of prisoners and babies at their festivals to appease the Sky Serpent, reminiscent of the dragon that appeared in the sky in Revelations 12:3 of the Bible.  Without realizing it, what they had probably amounted to a form of satanic worship.   

            Evil certainly had considerable control of their religion and culture, much of the latter advanced in some ways for the times and beautiful, yet in other ways diabolical.  The Aztecs at the time would wage war with their neighbors for the express purpose of obtaining prisoners for their human sacrifices…..as many as 50,000 per year…….a Culture of Death.  Mary continued the work of her Son, who saved the Indians from the darkness.  Today in essence “modern” mothers sacrifice their unborn babies to the idols of convenience and pleasure in abortion and euthanasia……another Culture of Death in some ways worse.  Lord, save our world from the darkness that engulfs us today.

            The image of Mary convinced the Indians that they would no longer have to make human sacrifices to appease it.  The sky serpent or moon god is represented as a crescent moon charred by the flames of hell.  The moon also symbolized darkness.  In addition Santa María (Holy Mary or Saint Mary) is shown triumphantly standing upon the charred crescent moon in the same manner as she is depicted crushing the same serpent over 300 years later as the Immaculate Conception on the Miraculous Medal which she gave to St. Catherine Labouré in her Paris convent in 1830 to distribute.  Both remind us of Genesis 4:15……”I will put enmity between you and the woman” and Revelations 12:1…….”A great sign appeared in the sky, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars.”  All of this shows us that her son, the light of the world, triumphed over darkness and evil.  

“Oh Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee.”

         Today tourists can visit the Shrine of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in Mexico City and the two large pyramids to the Sun (246 ft. in contrast to the Great Pyramid of Egypt at 481 ft.) and the Moon (140 ft.) outside of the city.  The Pyramid of the Moon is shown below.  The Aztecs probably made human sacrifices there as did their predecessors in the 6^th Century.  Our Lady of Guadalupe put a stop to human sacrifices in Mexico.  Our Lady of Guadalupe, Patroness of the Unborn, please do the same with the human sacrifice of babies through abortion in today’s world.

Pyramid of the Moon as Seen From the Pyramid of the Sun

            The mantle of Nuestra Señora is blue green, which was the Indian color symbolizing royalty as fit for the Queen of Heaven and Earth.  Covering it with stars indicates that she came from heaven and that the celestial bodies which they adored were not gods, but instead were created to serve His creatures.  Another interesting fact may be added about the 130 foot Tepeyac Hill on which la Santísima (Most Holy) Virgin appeared.  Prior to the arrival of Hernán Cortés, the conquistador, this region was dedicated to the worship of the goddess, Teotenantzen which means Mother of God.

            After studying her figure, the Indians were sure that she had been an inhabitant of earth at one time.  Having made herself visible to St. Juan Diego proved that the human soul is immortal.  Her image also taught them that Maria Santísima is not a goddess.  While supported by an angel, her hands are folded in supplication-- indicating that she is interceding for us at the throne of the true invisible God.  Her eyes are also cast downward, showing humility and compassion as our mother and God’s messenger. Also, in Indian iconography, a god looked straight ahead with wide open eyes.

            On her neck a small golden brooch with a black cross identifies Our Lady with the cross which the Indians had seen on the banners of the troops of Hernán Cortés.  It convinced them that they should embrace the religion of their conquerors and follow the Christ who is symbolized by that cross and thus is greater than Mary.  Thus in great numbers they eagerly sought the missionaries in order to learn about the meaning of this cross.  These Indians were astounded to hear that the Son of God had offered Himself as human sacrifice for their salvation especially since they for years had offered slaves, prisoners of war, and babies as human sacrifices to their pagan god.  See http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-religion/2147622/posts.

            Furthermore, Mary is wearing a black sash or bow (symbol of new life) around her waist, indicating to the Indians that she is pregnant, thus making her feast day in Advent a beautiful part of reliving the joyful expectation of the long promised Messiah at Christmas.  Therefore Our Lady of Guadalupe is also the Patroness of the Unborn. Furthermore, the four pedal flower over her slightly enlarged womb symbolizes life.  Her blouse has a very high neck line, perhaps a message to women of today regarding modest dress, notwithstanding that the culture today is so different from any culture in history. 

                                  

In 1921 a terrorist hid a stick of dynamite in a bouquet of flowers and placed it within three feet of the image.  Marble blocks were torn out of the altar; every window was broken; and a brass crucifix now on display in the shrine as shown above was badly deformed.  In addition a painting of St. James behind the image was destroyed.  Yet not even a crack appeared in the glass covering as the image was left completely intact.  Evil again tried to prevail, but failed.  God is in control.  Through all of this the image has survived and is beautifully preserved over the main altar almost as it actually was nearly a century before the Mayflower touched our coast.  Can it be then, that this divine work of art also has a message and a significance particularly applicable to our modern but chaotic times?

            Scientific Scrutiny. As with the Shroud of Turin, the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe has been subjected to scientific examination.  Investigations by artists and scientists show that no one of this world could have painted such a work.  The cloth had never been prepared for painting; even gold adheres to the rough cloth with no fixative.  A painting done by an artist on the rough fibers would be very uneven.  The fibers are not penetrated; and not even a brush mark could be found.  In his study of thousands of paintings throughout the world, Professor Francisco Camps Riberia and others could find no technique or process that approached the image.  Unusual is the fact that the icon seems larger and the colors even more vibrant at a distance.

            The tilma of St. Juan Diego was hand woven from the fibers of the maguey cactus plant, which has a lifespan of only twenty years.  Since the material is rough, very absorbent, and has a large seam running through the middle; it is most unsuitable for painting.  Through the years it has been exposed to a 50% nitric acid solution that spilled on it, thousands of people touching it, and the smoke of countless candles.  Yet the colors have a bright freshness instead of the expected dull and dark colors so common to other paintings of the period.  Turquoise paints in particular fade very easily.  The sun burst does have some fading to indicate that it will pass away.  Mysteriously, the image has a constant temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, the normal body temperature,  

In 1936, Fritz Hahn, a professor in Mexico City, took two fibers from the tilma……one red, the other yellow, and then brought them to Germany for a close examination. There, Dr. Richard Kuhn, Nobel Prize Winner and director of the Department of Chemistry of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, came to the conclusion that the fibers in question contained no known artificial coloring — neither mineral, vegetal, animal, nor synthetic.  Attempts to duplicate the image on the same type of cloth worn by Juan Diego failed.  More recently a NASA scientist and Dr. Philip C. Callahan, a biophysicist confirmed these findings with infrared analysis.  Nor does the color penetrate the fibers.  There is no over-varnish or under-drawing (i.e., under-sketch) as standard in painting.  The stars on Mary’s mantle mirror exactly the positions of the visible constellations before dawn on December 12, 1531, looking from many light years away, as if from heaven.  The flowers on her inner garment follow a contour map of central Mexico, further indicating her queenship and the encounter between and earth.  See http://www.holyspiritinteractive.net/columns/williamsaunders/straightanswers/101.asp.              

            This image is the only authentic portrait of Our Lady.  It corresponds very well to the only known detailed description of Mary's features made in 1821.  This is described in the book, “The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary from the Visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich”.  A painting later discovered in the catacombs and a portrait of her said to be painted by St. Luke also resemble the image.  The height of the Virgin in the image measures four feet eight inches which was probably her actual height.  Her features are not really those of an Indian maiden and while her color is slightly tan, it is not dark……a blend of the Hebrew, the European, and the Indian.  She is Mother of all.   

            A Most Affectionate Motherly Message to Each One of Us.  Let us close by quoting Nuestra Señora's own words which have particular application to our lives, our special missions from God, and work with its not infrequent frustrations.  Here St. Juan Diego, as we so often do, is so involved in the worries of this life and caring for his sick uncle that he forgets to keep his appointment with Nuestra Señora.  Thus in her last appearance she said to the 57 year old Indian in his language:

“Hear and let it penetrate into your heart, my dear little son:  Let nothing discourage you, nothing depress you.  Let nothing alter your heart or your countenance.  Also do not fear any illness or vexation, anxiety, or pain.  Am I not here, who am your Mother?  Are you not under my shadow and protection?  Am I not your fountain of life?  Are you not in the folds of my mantle-- in the crossing of my arms?  Is there anything else you need? (Qué más te falta?)”  At that moment his uncle was healed.  These words are the most affectionate expression by Mary of her motherly love to each one of us. Once again la Madre de Dios (the Mother of God) personally reiterates her maternal function in the Church as the mother of each one of us individually.  Can she be any more precise, tender, and loving in her declaration?  Dear reader, she’s also talking to you.  Take this personally and your love for Mary will grow.

            Note: Acknowledgments are due to Helen Behrens for much of the information in this article.  Her fascinating booklet, “America's Treasure” together with a wealth of slides, pictures, and other material in English as well as Spanish is available from her English Information Center at Apartado 26732.  Furthermore, I enjoyed so much talking to her and listening to her explanations.  May she rest in peace.

Books on Our Lady of Guadalupe

Warren H. Carroll:  Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Conquest of Darkness

Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate:  Handbook on Guadalupe

Fr. Christopher Rengers: Mary of the Americas

(104) Our Lady of Guadalupe (I): Binding the Americas Together

AMDG

The authentic tilma of Juan Diego on which appeared the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe behind the main altar of her shrine in Mexico City.  The untreated cloth should have deteriorated in about 15 years, but remains intact and in excellent condition almost five centuries later. 

            Today is the feast of the Immaculate Conception, the patroness of the United States.  Mary, as Our Lady of Guadalupe (Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), is also the patroness of Mexico and all the Americas.  Only eight weeks after receiving the statue of the International Pilgrim Virgin of Fatima, St. Louis Church Gallipolis, Ohio is again privileged to receive the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe on her great feast. 

The Knights of Columbus is sending it to parishes all over the U.S. for a day or two in its 2011-2013 Marian Prayer Program as part of the New Evangelization.  Each of its 72 jurisdictions (each state, almost every province in Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Dominican Republic, Guam, and Puerto Rico) has a copy of the image to circulate an image.  This image touched the original image and the frame has some of the earth from where Mary appeared.

St. Louis Church will receive the 30 x 18 inch image the evening of Tuesday December 11 with a talk of mine on the history and the meaning of the image, benediction and rosary.  The Blessed Sacrament will be exposed for adoration through the night into her great feast with Mass and benediction at 5:30 pm in the evening……over 24 hours in all.  Then the image will remain on display below Mary’s altar and statue through the Masses of Sunday December 16.  Different parish groups are invited to take an hour of adoration as our Mexican American families will do.

In this way during the 2011-2013 Marian Prayer campaign of the Knights of Columbus, which includes the Year of Faith, Mary will continue her great mission of nurturing our faith and bringing us closer to her son as she has done over the centuries.  St. Louis Church is especially privileged to have the image of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe with us on her great feast.  To really appreciate the image, it is imperative to understand the history and meaning of the image which is included in this blog and the following one.

For a beautiful video story of Our Lady of Guadalupe, click on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbK2ya0zqTU&ebc=ANyPxKpicRwpzFW-kixVqGR_uYX3WyZyVMjswVGdbN9rgYCv6HXRtueUxuA6BHbxS2WeeH7NDBKBZQu4-PbvyRjUohuPmpWgyg.   There's also a shorter one by Matthew Leonard on his pilgrimage there at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mWcqhRW3-4&ebc=ANyPxKpicRwpzFW-kixVqGR_uYX3WyZyVMjswVGdbN9rgYCv6HXRtueUxuA6BHbxS2WeeH7NDBKBZQu4-PbvyRjUohuPmpWgyg. 

 

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE (I):  BINDING THE AMERICAS TOGETHER

            On April 1, 1965, I was sent to Mexico City to finalize my language training for one month before finally arriving in Peru on May 1 as a Papal Volunteer for Latin America (PAVLA) to teach Chemistry in the Universidad Católica de Santa Maria in Arequipa.  As Mary would have it, she made sure that I be placed with a family in a neighborhood about a fifteen minute walk from the great shrine of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (Our Lady of Guadalupe).  It was one of the most beautiful experiences of my life.  I went there every day.  It seems that since my mother and I consecrated ourselves to Mary when I was about 12 years old, I would stumble on one Marian shrine after another, especially in South America. 

Although she is usually identified with Latin America or Mexico alone, Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe is very appropriately the patroness of all the Americas and the patroness of the unborn.  Thus she belongs to all of us.......”Yankee Gringos” and Latinos alike.  By this bond of common devotion we Americans –north and south- can through Mary be united as never before especially in these most critical times. 

Mary arranges the Castilian roses in the tilma for the Bishop.

            

        It was Mary, who on December 12, 1531 in spectacular fashion, planted the seeds of her Son's work in the New World.  The Bishop asked for a sign of the authenticity of Mary’s appearance before he would build the shrine that Mary had requested.  Thus Our Lady instructed St. Juan Diego to fill his tilma (like an apron) with Castilian roses on December 12, 1531 and present them to the Bishop.  When he dumped the flowers at the Bishop’s feet, Mary’s image miraculously appeared on the tilma.  The image contains a message, which inside the short span of seven years, brought 8,000,000 Mexican Indians to the Faith, roughly equivalent to the number of those lost to the faith in the Protestant Reformation.  Not since the days of the early Christians did the Faith spread so rapidly.  It is no wonder that Mary is also the patroness of the missions!

St. Juan Diego presents the Castilian roses to Bishop Zumarraga.

                                 

For more images, you may click on: https://www.google.com/#hl=en&tbo=d&sclient=psy-ab&q=images+of+our+lady+of+guadalupe+and+juan+diego&oq=Images+of+Our+Lady+of+Guadalupe+and+&gs_l=hp.1.0.33i29l3.3942.19994.0.25969.36.29.0.7.7.0.393.6737.0j9j18j2.29.0.les%3B..0.0...1c.1.KG6SPt8mQsI&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&fp=eb30f69ee1949055&bpcl=39314241&biw=1230&bih=715.   

   For a detailed history, see http://www.michaeljournal.org/guadalupe.htm and http://erwin.bernhardt.net.nz/america/mexicoourlady.html with many links even to information on Cardinal Mindzenty and the Hungarian Revolution.  For a fabulously fascinating video with even more revelations, click on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xe4Ozm0oENk.  There you can click on other videos in Spanish, English, and even one in Polish.

            Since Nuestra Señora was such an impetus to the beginning of the Faith in our hemisphere and has held the Church together through years of Mexican persecution, particularly in the 1920s; she can play a critical role in revitalizing and renewing our Faith in this Year of the Faith, which she planted well over four centuries before.  Mexico is now showing such signs.  Having emerged from persecution, Mexico is already the first Latin American country to send missionaries into the field, particularly to the United States.  May Mary nurture our faith in a special way in this the Year of Faith.  That has been the mission of Mary through the centuries.

      The Basilica of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in Mexico City (See http://www.sancta.org/basilica.html) is every bit as important as Lourdes and Fatima; yet most Catholics outside of Mexico know little or nothing about the shrine and the fascinating history behind it.  The shrine in Mexico City is the most visited shrine in the world.  There are other shrines to Our Lady of Guadalupe…..Windzor, OH; La Crosse, WI; Passaic, NJ; Riverside, CA; Des Plaines, IL; Pt. Arthus, TX; San Antonio, TX, etc.

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City.  The new basilica is on the left and the old one is next to it.

 For more photos, click on http://www.sacred-destinations.com/mexico/mexico-city-basilica-guadalupe

            As a pilgrimage center, the Basilica of Nuestra Señora hosts an average of 27,000 pilgrims per day or 10 million per year, reaching a tremendous peak on her feast day, December 12.  The feast is so big in Mexico that thieves take a day off and such crimes are rare for one day.  They come by every means of transportation from planes to rickety-rackity buses and even on foot.  A tourist at first may have the impression of a superstitious faith in what seems like a carnival atmosphere in some respects.  Eventually one can only become impressed by the deep faith and devotion that the simple poor exhibit. On December 12, there are local celebrations in many small towns with processions.  In Chicago, 100,000 people attended a celebration.

            The various groups of workers and even whole towns offer small floats of flowers with such signs as “Estamos a tus pies, Madrecita”.  As an act of thanksgiving for various favors and even unauthenticated miracles, they bring flowers and often walk on their knees the 150 yard distance from the plaza entrance to the altar.  Their approach certainly isn't intellectual, but they'll probably get to heaven before all of the intellectuals.

Pilgrims at the Shrine on the Feast Day of Our Lady of Guadalupe

 

           Perhaps the importance of the Basilica can be summarized in Mary's own words to Juan Diego:

“I wish and intensely desire that in this place my sanctuary be erected.  Here I will demonstrate; I will exhibit; I will give all my love, my compassion, my help, and my protection to the people.  I am your merciful mother-- the merciful mother of all of you who live united in this land, and of all mankind, of all those who love me, of those who cry to me, of those who seek me, of those who have confidence in me.  Here I will hear their weeping, their sorrow, and will remedy, and alleviate all their multiple sufferings, necessities, and misfortunes.” 

            One can notice here a poetic quality which is also in conformity with the Aztec style of poetry and the Hebrew as well.  At the same time there is evident the literary quality of expressing one thought with an abundance and profusion of expressions.

Interior of the new Basilica above the main altar where Pope John Paul II said Mass.

            Reflections of Human Figures in the Right Eye of the Image were discovered in 1951 in enlarged photographs as shown above.  Although there is some controversy, all of the 3 artists, 5 photographers, and 11 eye doctors who investigated this discovery, concur in seeing at least one if not three human figures in her right eye.  Edward Gebhardt was easily able to duplicate this by photographing similar reflections of three persons in the eyes of a young girl.  Modern digital image processing found reflections of more persons in the room.  The reflections followed the anatomy and curvature of the eye according to the Perkin J. Sampson Law.  (See http://www.sancta.org/eyes.html.)

            From these findings it is believed that this divine work of art is so detailed that St. Juan Diego, Juan Gonzales an interpreter, and Juan de Zumárraga, the Spanish Bishop are reflected in the eyes of Our Lady.  There is a striking resemblance to old portraits of the first two named men.  The miracle occurred as St. Juan Diego presented the Castillian roses to the Bishop.  Thus the image is like a colored photograph of the invisible Mother looking upon the scene. 

            Years later in the early 1980s, my cousin Fr. Thomas Loya, an artist, noted that the image cannot be a photograph because it has tiny imperfections, indicating that it is indeed a painting.  What human artist would even think of painting such minute microscopic detail as a reflection of three persons in an eye? There would be no need for such intricate work.  See http://www.sancta.org/eyes.html.     

            By promoting Our Lady in such little ways as hanging her picture in the various offices, homes, schools, etc. and occasionally mentioning her in conversation and correspondence, we can be her instruments as Mary fulfills her historical role of bringing souls to her Son.  Since she specifically chose an Indian, a Spanish Bishop, and a location central to both North and South America, Nuestra Senora is ideally suited to be the common patroness of our entire hemisphere.  Pope John XXIII recognized the importance of Our Lady of Guadalupe by composing a prayer to her on his visit to her church in Rome seven months before his death. Similarly, John Kennedy attended Mass at the Basilica in Mexico City in July of 1962 and Blessed Pope John Paul II offered Mass there during his four visits in 1979, 1990, 1999, and 2002.  To read the texts of two of his homilies there, click on http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1979/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19790127_messico-guadalupe_en.html   and http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1999/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19990123_mexico-guadalupe_en.html.  In the latter he asked Our Lady of Guadalupe to guide the new millennium.  Also see http://www.sacred-destinations.com/mexico/mexico-city-basilica-guadalupe for photos and books that can be purchased.