The Greek Catholic Martyrs (Byzantine Ruthenian
Catholic Rite). From left to right are Blessed
Basil Hopko, Auxiliary Bishop of Presov, Slovakia; Blessed
Theodore Romzha, Bishop of Mukachevo-Uzhorod, Ukraine; and Blessed Paul Gojdich, Bishop of
Presov, Slovakia. This is a mural
painted by Fr. Thomas Loya on the west wall of Annunciation Byzantine Catholic
Church in Homer Glenn Illinois. Fr. Loya
continues as its pastor. He welcomes
visitors to come and pray while enjoying his murals that cover the entire
interior of the church, which is open to all daily from 9 am to 5 pm. See the article done by WGN News at the
following link. Go to:
“Priest
called ‘Michelangelo of the Midwest’ for elaborate church paintings” – WGN
Chicago article on the art of Fr. Thomas
Loya.
In 2008, the Eparchy of Parma, Ohio sponsored a dinner in memory of our martyred Paul Bishop Gojdich. As we remember our four martyred bishops, Hopko, Romzha, Gojdich, and Chira, let us never forget that this sort of persecution was not rare amongst other clergy and faithful in the “old country.” I recount a story that touches me personally by at least a couple of related priests from the family of my father’s mother (Elizabeth Bachinsky Loya). There were other martyrs, de facto as described below, including my great grandfather Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Sr. and my great uncle Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Jr.
A
photo of my grandparents, my father’s (Joseph Loya) parents, the late Rev. John
Loya and his wife Pani Elizabeth. Her
maiden name was Bachinsky and they were married before his ordination in
November of 1922. Elizabeth was one of
eight children, among them Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Jr., her brother. (Her father was Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Sr.)
In October of 1947, Theodore Romzha, Bishop of Mukachevo-Uzhorod, Ukraine went to the re-dedication of a newly renovated church in Laviki (Lavki). The pastor of this church, Fr. Petro Vasko, was also pastor of a church in Lok’hovo, He was married to Margaret Bachinsky, the younger Fr. Daniel’s sister. Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Jr. was married to Maria Vasko, Fr. Petro’s sister. To demonstrate that he was not being controlled by the Soviets and to encourage the faithful in their devotion to the Church, Bishop Romzha made the trip despite the warnings and pleas of the parish people and clergy.
The Liturgy itself was held without incident, but there was a suspicious Studebaker truck present with men in uniform, to be joined later by a jeep with more uniformed men. Despite their concerns, on October 27th, the bishop decided to depart. He was accompanied by two seminarians, Michael Bugir and Michael Maslej, a coachman and two priests, Fr. Bereznaj and Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Jr. (Fr. Daniel was my great uncle, the brother of my grandmother Elizabeth Bachinsky or Pani Loya, married to my dad’s father, Fr. John Loya.)
As they left in their horse-drawn carriage, the truck followed and just outside Ivanivtski, the driver accelerated and rammed into the carriage. Though the horses were killed, all of the riders initially survived, only to be attacked by the soldiers with iron rods. The seminarians ran into town for help and a mail truck from Mukachevo arrived which finally caused the attackers to flee.
The coachman ultimately died of his injuries. Father Daniel Bachinsky Jr. was unconscious for three weeks with a fractured skull, broken right scapula, broken ribs and a spiral fracture of the tibia and fibula in his right leg. (Some think that he was mistaken for the Bishop, since he did not have his usual facial hair and they looked similar to one another.) The Bishop had a severe head injury, a two-fold fracture of the mandible, a linear tibia wound, broken teeth and bruises all over. The Bishop’s jaw had to be wired and braced; however he could speak and his prognosis for recovery was excellent.
It was the mysterious helper at the hospital named Odarka that was brought on the scene, along with the removal of regular staff doctors who were replaced with Red Army doctors. In late October, Sister Theophilia, the chief hospital nurse along with the chief surgical nurse were caring for Bishop Theodore and Fr. Daniel, who was often cared for by his wife, Mary. A certain Dr. Bergman was there and the two nurses were removed from the room. In less than ten minutes, they returned to hear the Bishop moan “Oh Jesus!” and see his body torn by a convulsion. Despite the efforts of the staff, his heart gave out and at 12:30, he died. There is much evidence to conclude, including the testimony of my great uncle Fr. Daniel, that our beloved Bishop Theodore Romzha was murdered.
In a couple more days, the “special commission” concluded that Bishop Romzha had died of a cerebral hemorrhage. This conclusion came from a Soviet pathologist who prepared the report, with none of the doctors allowed to examine the body during the autopsy to find the so-called ruptured vein. However, the killers were unaware that Fr. Daniel was conscious during the whole episode at the hospital and being able to speak for a moment, told Sr. Theophilia, “That girl was here and slipped something under the bishop’s nose!” The doctors concurred in this, for the Bishop’s nose was turning blue and beginning to spread through him. The doctors determined that he was killed with potassium cyanide.
Fr. Daniel was finally able to leave the hospital in
early 1948, several months after the attack.
He was later arrested on June 21, 1949 and deported under a ten year
sentence to a prison camp for the disabled.
He returned home in broken health in 1955 and in order to feed his
family, had to work in a margarine factory. He died of a severe heart attack in
1968 at the Uzhorod (Ukraine) Municipal Hospital. During his hospital
confinement, he often repeated, “I suffer gladly for there are so many things
to offer my sufferings for.” His funeral
was attended by 10,000 people. Sister
Theophilia was also arrested and exiled to Siberia for ten years.
It was Father Daniel Bachinsky’s father, also Fr. Daniel, that brought the Sacramental Mysteries to his son and the bishop in the hospital. It was the elder Fr. Daniel, by request of Bishop Romzha, who heard the Bishop’s last confession and gave our blessed Theodore his last Holy Eucharist. The elder Fr. Daniel Bachinsky was arrested and sentenced to 25 years in a labor camp and confiscation of all of his possessions. One of the lawyers petitioned for his freedom because he was already 73 years old, had only 1/3 of his stomach left, no teeth and his feet were swollen. Unfortunately, no one did anything about his case and he died shortly after this in a communist prison on July 15, 1951.
Many more details can be found in the book Theodore Romhza: His Life, Times and Martyrdom, by Laslo Puskas.
Below is a
translated article about the senior Fr. Daniel Bachinsky. His son, Ivan (John, shown below) was a
professor at Bratislava University. He
was also a priest, but much more in secret and did not suffer the fate of his
brother. His granddaughter told me
recently how they used to sneak over to Grandpa’s house to have liturgy in his
secret chapel and then go home by other means as they were being watched.
Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Sr.
Great Grandfather of Deacon Gregory Loya
The article pictured above is about the senior Fr. Daniel Bachinsky.
It appeared in an Eastern European newspaper in 2001. It was translated into English by one of his
great grand-daughters, Rita Dolinay. (Who is related to our late Metropolitan,
Archbishop Thomas Dolinay). Note the
spelling of the name when translated can be Bachinsky, Bachinskyj or Bacsinsky.
Fr. Bachinsky was a mysterious person for the
detectives at the beginning of the 1950’s.
Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Sr., Greek-Catholic (Byzantine) priest, was
arrested at the end of December, 1950.
He was born in Vishkovo (near Hust) into the family of a Greek-Catholic priest. After finishing the seminary in Uzhorod, Austria-Hungary, (today Ukraine) in 1902, he was assigned as a helping priest in Zaritcha. From 1907 until 1921 Fr. Bachinsky served as a priest in Siltse and later in Dubrivki (near Uzhorod). He was part of the organization which made the financial, medical and agricultural decisions that concerned the population of the village of Dubrivka.
One of the witnesses reported that Fr. Daniel Bachinsky Sr. was a member of the delegation which traveled to Budapest, Hungary to convince the Hungarians to occupy the Transcarpathia. Witnesses also stated that he represented the civil and clerical aspects of the village. Without Fr. Bachinsky’s consent there were no decisions made in the village. He could also change any decision that was approved by the civil head of the village.
Fr. Bachinsky’s house was taken away from him by the communists. As a 70 year old man he went to live with his children. It is known from the documents that until 1946 Fr. Bachinsky had much land, four horses, 10 cows, two full time servants and a house with six rooms. Fr. Bachinsky had 9 children, one of them being a Greek-Catholic priest who was arrested in 1949. One of Fr. Bachinsky’s younger daughters became the wife of a priest in the 1920’s and moved to the USA (this daughter was Elizabeth, who was married to my grandfather, the late Rev. John Loya.)
The elder Fr. Bachinsky was arrested and sentenced to
25 years in a labor camp and confiscation of all of his possessions. One of the
lawyers petitioned for his freedom because he was already 73 years old, had
only 1/3 of his stomach left, no teeth and his feet were swollen. Unfortunately, no one did anything about his
case and he died shortly after this in a communist prison on July 15, 1951. (His
body was buried in an unmarked grave and a man on his deathbed confessed to
where his body was and finally returned it to the family cemetery.)
-----------------------------------------------
Let us remember, pray for, and be inspired by those courageous men, who were martyred for their faith! Let their courage and martyrdom, as well as the many other clergy and faithful of that time, be an example to us when we consider our own sacrifices for our faith. Do we have the same courage as these brave souls? Do we have the same “stuff” they did? May their memory be eternal. Mna no haja I blahaja ljita!
Bachinsky Family Coat of Arms
Similarity
of Joseph Loya (son of Eizabeth Bachinski) to Bishop Andre Bachinsky.Editor’s Note: Some believe that if Russia conquers all of Ukraine, the Greek Catholic Church will again be suppressed and absorbed by the Russian Orthodox Church. For years the Archbishop of Moscow controlled the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, but a few years ago the Ukrainian Orthodox declared their independence. Thus it is no surprise that the Russian Orthodox Archbishop Krill supports the invasion of Ukraine. The Roman Catholic Rite is a minority. In Russian occupied Ukraine the Knights of Columbus, a strong Catholic Men’s fraternity, are already suppressed.
Let us not forget that the dictator Vladimir Putin is a product of the Soviet Union in which he grew up. Furthermore, he is a former officer of the KGB and has that same mindset, using their methods for maintaining power that includes eliminating those who speak out in criticism by jailing and murder under often mysterious circumstances. Although not a communist as such, he admires Joseph Stalin and has dreams of restoring the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.
Fr. Vladimir Mihalich
Great Grandfather of Deacon Gregory Loya
On my mom’s (Martha Foley Loya) side of the family: These are my great-great grandparents from Yarembina (not sure how to spell that). Fr. Adelbert Mihalich and his wife. My cousin told me that the Mihalich clergy were in that village for a couple centuries!
This is my great grandfather Fr. Vladimir Mihalich (1874 – 1943)
with his wife Olga Podajevsky and family in about 1910. My mom’s
(Martha) mom, Irene Mihalich Foley (black hair) on her father’s left. Fr.
Vladimir came to America in 1921 and was pastor of St. Peter & Paul Greek
Catholic Church (Byzantine Ruthenian Catholic Church) in Duquesne,
Pennsylvania, a steel town south of Pittsburgh from 1928 until his death in
1943). He had 5 daughters (Ella, Lilly, Irene, Martha, and Stephanie in
that order) and the long line of priests stopped there. It was almost
customary for seminarians to marry daughters of priests.
Living in what was Austria-Hungary at the time, the Mihalich
Family was ethnically Ruthenian, but culturally Hungarian. Thus they were conversant in Slovak which was similar to Ruthenian, a dead language and practiced many Ruthenian customs, but
spoke Hungarian in their home. This was
common among the clergy.
This
photo is from one of our family albums, showing a “typical” eastern wedding of
a man who would soon be a priest, Fr. Emil Gulyassi and his bride Lilly
Mihalich Gulyassi in Fr. Vladimir’s Church in Charleroi, Pennsylvania in about 1922. Fr. Emil was pastor of Holy Trinity Church in
Bridgeport, CT. Byzantine Rite Catholic
priests may marry before their ordination.
Since they did not have their own bishop in the United States yet, Fr.
Emil was ordained in Canada. During that
time the parish was subject to the local
Roman Catholic Bishop.
By Deacon Gregory Loya: great grandson of Fr. Vladimir Mihalich, the grandson of Irene Mihalich Foley and grandson of Fr. John and Elizabeth Bachinsky Loya and son of Joseph and Martha Foley Loya.
APPENDIX
I
Below is an article from the June 20, 2018 issue of “Horizons” the newspaper of the Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Parma, OH. It gives more information on the Greek Catholic Martyrs.
Pilgrims to walk in the footsteps of three martyred Ruthenian bishops
Blessed Theodore Romzha was killed by the
Soviets in 1947. Pilgrims will go to
Ukraine to venerate his relics.
by Fr. Andrew Summerson
CHICAGO — Pilgrims on Horizons’ fall pilgrimage to
Central Europe will walk in the footsteps of three holy Ruthenian bishops
martyred for the faith and pray at their tombs in Slovakia and Ukraine.
The Byzantine Ruthenian Catholic Church boasts three 20th-century
martyrs as outstanding examples of faith in the modern age. The three bishops,
Theodore Romzha, Paul Gojdich, and Basil Hopko, all victims of communism, stood
for the Gospel in the face of abject hatred of and violence against the church.
Blessed Theodore
Romzha was bishop of Mukachevo-Uzhorod in present-day Ukraine, when the
region was annexed by the Soviets in 1945. He had been prepared for the role of
a missionary bishop for a persecuted church in Soviet territory at the
Russicum, a college in Rome founded to train Catholic missionaries to Russia.
He urged the underground church to keep the faith by his example. He was beaten
and poisoned by the Soviets in 1947.
Blessed Paul Gojdich was bishop of Presov
in present-day Slovakia. A zealous missionary priest and pious monk, he was
named apostolic administrator of Presov in 1927. In 1950, the Communists took
over the region. He was arrested and accused of being an enemy of the state. In
prison, he remained an exemplary Christian, choosing to do the dirty work so as
to embrace fully Christian humility.
Blessed Basil Hopko was a dedicated Byzantine Catholic priest, having
founded the first Byzantine Catholic parish in Prague. As auxiliary bishop of
Presov, he was forcibly imprisoned by the communists. He later was released and
suffered greatly from mental anguish associated with his imprisonment, yet
remained committed to the Gospel.
The pilgrimage will offer moments to learn more about these lessed who died for
their commitment to the Church of Rome.
For information on the Sept. 16-28 pilgrimage to Central
Europe, go to www.parma.org, email horizons@parma.org, or call (216)
470-3287. Sign up for the e-newsletter.
Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Parma
5000 Rockside Road,
Suite 310 • Independence, Ohio • 44131
Phone: (216) 741-8773 • Email: chancery@parma.org • Hours:
Mon-Fri., 9 am–5 pm
APPENDIX II
The Diverse Rites of the Catholic Church According to Culture
When the apostles embarked on their great mission to teach all nations, they encountered people of different languages and cultures. To make it easier for the people to accept the apostles adapted the liturgy and certain customs to the culture of the country without compromising doctrine and Church teaching.
The West had a Roman influence with Latin as the predominant liturgical language. The East had a decided Greek influence. Thus the Church was divided into the Latin Rite (Roman Catholics) and the Byzantine Rite (Greek Catholics). Eastern European countries used their own languages in the liturgy…..we have Byzantine Ruthenian, Byzantine Romanian, Byzantine Hungarian, Byzantine Ukrainian, Melchites, etc. Because of the great schism in 1050, the Church was split in two and the Orthodox Church was the result. Centuries later some of the Orthodox returned to Rome under the condition that they be allowed to maintain their customs as married clergy, but marriage only before ordination. For more detail go to:
(251) The Diverse Rites of the Catholic Church........Our Byzantine Catholic Experience Deep in the Heart of Texas During the Eastertide
https://paulrsebastianphd.blogspot.com/2021/05/251-our-byzantine-catholic-experience.html
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